FourCastNet Global Forecast System (FourCastNetGFS)

Description

FourCastNet Global Forecast System is NOAA’s pioneering AI-enhanced weather forecast dataset. Built on the FourCastNet framework developed by NVIDIA and Microsoft, it applies Fourier Neural Operators and deep learning techniques to emulate and accelerate the Global Forecast System (GFS). This approach delivers high-resolution forecasts with orders-of-magnitude faster run times compared to traditional NWP models.

By leveraging machine learning trained on decades of GFS reanalysis and forecast data, FourCastNet learns the dynamics of the atmosphere and produces forecasts that rival physics-based models like ECMWF IFS and experimental AI-driven systems such as GraphCast. This makes it highly relevant for next-generation climate and weather applications.

FourCastNet’s relevance lies in its ability to bridge the gap between speed and accuracy: it offers near-instant global forecasts while maintaining skill across multiple lead times. The AI-driven methodology opens doors for scalable ensemble generation, rapid what-if scenario testing, and energy-efficient forecasting critical in climate adaptation and operational planning.

Detail

• Product page: NOAA FourCastNetGFS Registry
• Key Features:
  • AI-based weather forecasts using Fourier Neural Operators.
  • Trained on GFS data, emulating global atmospheric dynamics.
  • Ultra-fast inference compared to traditional NWP models.
• Resolution: 0.25° global grid (~25 km).
• Temporal Coverage: Forecasts extend up to 10 days, updated 4 times daily.
• Primary Use Cases: Climate research, AI model benchmarking, renewable energy forecasting, extreme weather risk assessment, and rapid decision support.

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